CBD References
We believe people have a right to know where their health and wellness information is sourced. So, here’s a list of clinical trial and studies on the therapeutic effects of CBD and links to explore them further.
CBD for acne
Cannabidiol exerts sebostatic and antiinflammatory effects on human sebocytes
“The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates multiple physiological processes, including cutaneous cell growth and differentiation. Here, we explored the effects of the major nonpsychotropic phytocannabinoid of Cannabis sativa, (-)-cannabidiol (CBD), on human sebaceous gland function and determined that CBD behaves as a highly effective sebostatic agent.”
CBD for anxiety
Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report
“Relative to placebo, CBD was associated with significantly decreased subjective anxiety (p < 0.001), reduced ECD uptake in the left parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, and inferior temporal gyrus (p < 0.001, uncorrected), and increased ECD uptake in the right posterior cingulate gyrus (p < 0.001, uncorrected). These results suggest that CBD reduces anxiety in SAD and that this is related to its effects on activity in limbic and paralimbic brain areas.”
Translational Investigation of the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a New Age
“CBD was shown to have anxiolytic, antipsychotic and neuroprotective properties. In addition, basic and clinical investigations on the effects of CBD have been carried out in the context of many other health conditions, including its potential use in epilepsy, substance abuse and dependence, schizophrenia, social phobia, post-traumatic stress, depression, bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, and Parkinson.”
Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series
“Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of many cannabinoid compounds found in cannabis. It does not appear to alter consciousness or trigger a “high.” A recent surge in scientific publications has found preclinical and clinical evidence documenting value for CBD in some neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Evidence points toward a calming effect for CBD in the central nervous system. Interest in CBD as a treatment of a wide range of disorders has exploded, yet few clinical studies of CBD exist in the psychiatric literature.”
Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders
“Cannabidiol (CBD), a Cannabis sativa constituent, is a pharmacologically broad-spectrum drug that in recent years has drawn increasing interest as a treatment for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of the current review is to determine CBD’s potential as a treatment for anxiety-related disorders, by assessing evidence from preclinical, human experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies. “
CBD for arthritis
Cannabinoids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
“Within this review we will give an overview on the overall effects of cannabinoids in inflammation and why they might be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.“
CBD for better sleep
Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Sleep: a Review of the Literature
“Preliminary research into cannabis and insomnia suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of insomnia. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may decrease sleep latency but could impair sleep quality long-term. Novel studies investigating cannabinoids and obstructive sleep apnea suggest that synthetic cannabinoids such as nabilone and dronabinol may have short-term benefit for sleep apnea due to their modulatory effects on serotonin-mediated apneas. CBD may hold promise for REM sleep behavior disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness, while nabilone may reduce nightmares associated with PTSD and may improve sleep among patients with chronic pain.“
CBD for chronic pain
The Endocannabinoid System, Cannabinoids, and Pain
“The endocannabinoid system is involved in a host of homeostatic and physiologic functions, including modulation of pain and inflammation. The specific roles of currently identified endocannabinoids that act as ligands at endogenous cannabinoid receptors within the central nervous system (primarily but not exclusively CB1 receptors) and in the periphery (primarily but not exclusively CB2 receptors) are only partially elucidated, but they do exert an influence on nociception.“
Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain
“This article reviews recent research on cannabinoid analgesia via the endocannabinoid system and non-receptor mechanisms, as well as randomized clinical trials employing cannabinoids in pain treatment. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, Marinol®) and nabilone (Cesamet®) are currently approved in the United States and other countries, but not for pain indications. Other synthetic cannabinoids, such as ajulemic acid, are in development. Crude herbal cannabis remains illegal in most jurisdictions but is also under investigation. “
CBD for digestion
Cannabis finds its way into treatment of Crohn’s disease
“In ancient medicine, Cannabis has been widely used to cure disturbances and inflammation of the bowel. A recent clinical study now shows that the medicinal plant Cannabis sativa has kept its expectancies proving to be highly efficient in cases of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In a prospective placebo-controled study, Naftali and coworkers (Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11,1276-1280. e1., 2013) have shown what has been largely anticipated from anectodal reports, that Cannabis produces significant clinical benefits in patients with Crohn’s disease. The mechanisms involved are not clear yet but most likely include peripheral actions on cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, and may also include central actions. “
Cannabidiol (CBD) and its analogs: A review of their effects on inflammation
“First isolated from Cannabis in 1940 by Roger Adams, the structure of CBD was not completely elucidateduntil 1963. Subsequent studies resulted in the pronouncement that THC was the ‘active’ principle ofCannabis and research then focused primarily on it to the virtual exclusion of CBD. This was no doubtdue to the belief that activity meant psychoactivity that was shown by THC and not by CBD. In retrospectthis must be seen as unfortunate since a number of actions of CBD with potential therapeutic benefitwere downplayed for many years. In this review, attention will be focused on the effects of CBD in thebroad area of inflammation where such benefits seem likely to be developed. Topics covered in thisreview are; the medicinal chemistry of CBD, CBD receptor binding involved in controlling Inflammation,signaling events generated by CBD, downstream events affected by CBD (gene expression and transcrip-tion), functional effects reported for CBD and combined THC plus CBD treatment“
CBD for mental clarity
Translational Investigation of the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a New Age
“CBD was shown to have anxiolytic, antipsychotic and neuroprotective properties. In addition, basic and clinical investigations on the effects of CBD have been carried out in the context of many other health conditions, including its potential use in epilepsy, substance abuse and dependence, schizophrenia, social phobia, post-traumatic stress, depression, bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, and Parkinson.“
CBD for migraines and headaches
Cannabidiol (CBD) and its analogs: A review of their effects on inflammation
“First isolated from Cannabis in 1940 by Roger Adams, the structure of CBD was not completely elucidateduntil 1963. Subsequent studies resulted in the pronouncement that THC was the ‘active’ principle ofCannabis and research then focused primarily on it to the virtual exclusion of CBD. This was no doubtdue to the belief that activity meant psychoactivity that was shown by THC and not by CBD. In retrospectthis must be seen as unfortunate since a number of actions of CBD with potential therapeutic benefitwere downplayed for many years. In this review, attention will be focused on the effects of CBD in thebroad area of inflammation where such benefits seem likely to be developed. Topics covered in thisreview are; the medicinal chemistry of CBD, CBD receptor binding involved in controlling Inflammation,signaling events generated by CBD, downstream events affected by CBD (gene expression and transcrip-tion), functional effects reported for CBD and combined THC plus CBD treatment“
The Endocannabinoid System, Cannabinoids, and Pain
“The endocannabinoid system is involved in a host of homeostatic and physiologic functions, including modulation of pain and inflammation. The specific roles of currently identified endocannabinoids that act as ligands at endogenous cannabinoid receptors within the central nervous system (primarily but not exclusively CB1 receptors) and in the periphery (primarily but not exclusively CB2 receptors) are only partially elucidated, but they do exert an influence on nociception.“
CBD for sore muscles
Cannabidiol (CBD) and its analogs: A review of their effects on inflammation
“First isolated from Cannabis in 1940 by Roger Adams, the structure of CBD was not completely elucidateduntil 1963. Subsequent studies resulted in the pronouncement that THC was the ‘active’ principle ofCannabis and research then focused primarily on it to the virtual exclusion of CBD. This was no doubtdue to the belief that activity meant psychoactivity that was shown by THC and not by CBD. In retrospectthis must be seen as unfortunate since a number of actions of CBD with potential therapeutic benefitwere downplayed for many years. In this review, attention will be focused on the effects of CBD in thebroad area of inflammation where such benefits seem likely to be developed. Topics covered in thisreview are; the medicinal chemistry of CBD, CBD receptor binding involved in controlling Inflammation,signaling events generated by CBD, downstream events affected by CBD (gene expression and transcrip-tion), functional effects reported for CBD and combined THC plus CBD treatment“
The Endocannabinoid System, Cannabinoids, and Pain
“The endocannabinoid system is involved in a host of homeostatic and physiologic functions, including modulation of pain and inflammation. The specific roles of currently identified endocannabinoids that act as ligands at endogenous cannabinoid receptors within the central nervous system (primarily but not exclusively CB1 receptors) and in the periphery (primarily but not exclusively CB2 receptors) are only partially elucidated, but they do exert an influence on nociception.“
CBD for fertility
Cannabinoids and Reproduction: A Lasting and Intriguing History
“Starting from an historical overview of lasting Cannabis use over the centuries, we will focus on a description of the cannabinergic system, with a comprehensive analysis of chemical and pharmacological properties of endogenous and synthetic cannabimimetic analogues. The metabolic pathways and the signal transduction mechanisms, activated by cannabinoid receptors stimulation, will also be discussed. In particular, we will point out the action of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids on the different neuronal networks involved in reproductive axis, and locally, on male and female reproductive tracts, by emphasizing the pivotal role played by this system in the control of fertility.“
CBD for weight loss
Cannabidiol promotes browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
“…data suggest possible roles for CBD in browning of white adipocytes, augmentation of lipolysis, thermogenesis, and reduction of lipogenesis. In conclusion, the current data suggest that CBD plays dual modulatory roles in the form of inducing the brown-like phenotype as well as promoting lipid metabolism. Thus, CBD may be explored as a potentially promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of obesity.“
CBD for IBS
Cannabidiol in inflammatory bowel diseases: a brief overview.
“CBD is a very promising compound since it shares the typical cannabinoid beneficial effects on gut lacking any psychotropic effects. For years, its activity has been enigmatic for gastroenterologists and pharmacologists, but now it is evident that this compound may interact at extra-cannabinoid system receptor sites, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. This strategic interaction makes CBD as a potential candidate for the development of a new class of anti-IBD drugs.“
Endocannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract.
“In the past centuries, different preparations of marijuana have been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as GI pain, gastroenteritis and diarrhea…Under pathophysiological conditions, the endocannabinoid system conveys protection to the GI tract, eg from inflammation and abnormally high gastric and enteric secretion. For such protective activities, the endocannabinoid system may represent a new promising therapeutic target against different GI disorders, including frankly inflammatory bowel diseases (eg, Crohn’s disease), functional bowel diseases (eg, irritable bowel syndrome), and secretion- and motility-related disorders.“
CBD for psoriasis
Cannabinoids inhibit human keratinocyte proliferation through a non-CB1/CB2 mechanism and have a potential therapeutic value in the treatment of psoriasis.
“The cannabinoids tested all inhibited keratinocyte proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The selective CB2 receptor agonists JWH015 and BML190 elicited only partial inhibition, the non-selective CB agonist HU210 produced a concentration-dependent response, the activity of theses agonists were not blocked by either CB1/CB2 antagonists.“
CBD for addiction & withdrawal
Cannabidiol as an Intervention for Addictive Behaviors: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
“Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by the compulsive desire to use drugs and a loss of control over consumption. Cannabidiol (CBD), the second most abundant component of cannabis, is thought to modulate various neuronal circuits involved in drug addiction. The goal of this systematic review is to summarize the available preclinical and clinical data on the impact of CBD on addictive behaviors.“
Cannabidiol Oil for Decreasing Addictive Use of Marijuana: A Case Report
“This case study illustrates the use of cannabidiol (CBD) oil to decrease the addictive use of marijuana and provide anxiolytic and sleep benefits. Addiction to marijuana is a chronic, relapsing disorder, which is becoming a prevalent condition in the United States. The most abundant compound in the marijuana, which is called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has been widely studied and known for its psychoactive properties.“
Endocannabinoid signalling in reward and addiction
“Brain endocannabinoid signalling influences the motivation for natural rewards (such as palatable food, sexual activity and social interaction) and modulates the rewarding effects of addictive drugs. Pathological forms of natural and drug-induced reward are associated with dysregulated eCB signalling that may derive from pre-existing genetic factors or from prolonged drug exposure. Impaired eCB signalling contributes to dysregulated synaptic plasticity, increased stress responsivity, negative emotional states and cravings that propel addiction.”
CBD for cardiovascular health
Is the cardiovascular system a therapeutic target for cannabidiol?
“In blood, CBD influences the survival and death of white blood cells, white blood cell migration and platelet aggregation. Taken together, these preclinical data appear to support a positive role for CBD treatment in the heart, and in peripheral and cerebral vasculature. However, further work is required to strengthen this hypothesis, establish mechanisms of action and whether similar responses to CBD would be observed in humans.“
A single dose of cannabidiol reduces blood pressure in healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study
“Cannabidiol (CBD) is a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid used in multiple sclerosis and intractable epilepsies. Preclinical studies show CBD has numerous cardiovascular benefits, including a reduced blood pressure (BP) response to stress. The aim of this study was to investigate if CBD reduces BP in humans.“
Cannabidiol causes endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of human mesenteric arteries via CB1 activation
“The protective effects of cannabidiol (CBD) have been widely shown in preclinical models and have translated into medicines for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. However, the direct vascular effects of CBD in humans are unknown.“
